The Crown Read online

  Royal Family: An intimate look at the monarchy (23 August 1969). Annapolis Maryland: The Capital newspaper, p. 20.

  Sir Antony Jay, co-author of Yes Minister – Obituary (23 August 2016). The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/08/23/sir-antony-jay-co-author-of-yes-minister--obituary/

  Smith, J. Y. ‘Harold Macmillan, 92, Former British Prime Minister, Dies.’ The Washington Post, 30 December 1986. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/12/30/harold-macmillan-92-former-british-prime-ministerdies/362648e9-c114-4264-8fde-4d0395c7ef1d/?utm_term=.ed608a16c72b

  Socialite Rolls Himself ‘Out’ (25 September 1956). Palm Beach Post, p. 5.

  Statement by Princess (1 November 1955). The Times, p. 8.

  Sweet, Paul. ‘The Windsor File.’ The Historian, Vol. 59, Number 2, Winter 1997, p. 279.

  Taylor, Paul. ‘The (Teddy) Boys are back in town.’ Manchester Evening News, 6 April 2013. Retrieved from https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/teddy-boys-back-town-2522273

  Teddy Boys. Brighton Museum, 26 February 2015. Retrieved from https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2015/02/26/teddy-boys/

  The Coal Industry Act 1994 (Commencement No. 7) and Dissolution of the British Coal Corporation Order 2004, No. 144 (C.6). 22 May 2004. UK National Archives, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/144/made

  The Greek War In Asia Minor: Prince Andrew’s History (1 July 1930). The Times, p. 10.

  The International Year of Disabled People (14 January 1981). House of Lords Debate, Vol. 416, Column 79.

  The Last Debutantes (17 July 2008). Country Life. Retrieved from https://www.countrylife.co.uk/out-and-about/theatre-film-music/the-last-debutantes-33059

  The Monarchy Today (August 1957). The National and English Review, Vol. 149, No. 894, front cover.

  The Queen at 90: Memories from people around Wales (21 April 2016). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-36082650

  The Queen at Accra Ball (20 November 1961). The Times, p. 8.

  The Queen’s dance with Dr. Nkrumah: S. African criticism (26 November 1961). The Times, p. 6.

  The Righteous Among the Nations: Princess Alice, Greece (2019). Yad Vashem. Retrieved from https://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/stories/princess-alice.html

  The Spiritual Side of Apollo 11 (2017). St Peter’s Episcopal Church, Port Royal, Virginia. Retrieved from https://www.churchsp.org/spiritualsideapollo11/

  Thornton, Michael. ‘The royal gigolo: Edwina Mountbatten sued over claims of an affair with black singer Paul Robeson. But the truth was even more outrageous ...’ Daily Mail, 14 November 2008. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1085883/The-royal-gigolo-Edwina-Mountbatten-sued-claims-affair-black-singer-Paul-Robeson-But-truth-outrageous-.html

  ––. ‘David Cameron should look to Harold Macmillan for political guidance.’ The Spectator, 21 October 2013. Retrieved from https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2013/10/cameron-should-look-to-harold-macmillan-for-guidance/

  Tingle, Rory. ‘When Edward VIII went to see Hitler: Never-before-seen photos emerge for sale of Duke of Windsor’s infamous trip to Nazi Germany in 1937.’ Daily Mail, 8 October 2018. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6251937/Never-seen-photos-Edward-VIII-visiting-Mercedes-Benz-factory.html

  Travis, Alan. ‘After 44 years secret papers reveal truth about five nights of violence in Notting Hill.’ The Guardian, 24 August 2002. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/aug/24/artsandhumanities.nottinghillcarnival2002

  Trayner, David. ‘Does this prove Jack the Ripper was member of Royal Family?’ Daily Star, 26 February 2016. Retrieved from https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/497089/jack-the-ripper-prince-albert-victor-Duke-Clarence-Avondale-evidence-letters-gonorrhoea

  UK inflation rate in 1973: 9.10%. Official Data Foundation, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.in2013dollars.com/UK-inflation-rate-in-1973

  U.K. Ponders Moves As Suez Canal Seized (27 July 1957). Edmonton Journal, p. 19.

  United Kingdom Marks 50th Anniversary of Death Penalty Abolition. Death Penalty Information Center, 2015. Retrieved from https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/6296

  Wales backs Charles for king (25 June 1999). BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/377976.stm

  War Situation (4 June 1940). House of Commons Debate, Vol, 361, Columns 795–796.

  Watch for bombers at Tubes, Yard says (28 December 1973). The Times, p. 3.

  Whelan, Zara. ‘Netflix’s The Crown, Caernarfon and a look back to the 1969 Investiture.’ North Wales Live, 18 November 2018. Retrieved from https://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/netflixs-crown-caernarfon-look-back-15422075

  Whitehall, 22 February 1957 (22 February 1957). London Gazette, Issue 41009, p. 1209.

  Why 492 West Indians Came to Britain (23 June 1948). The Manchester Guardian, p. 3.

  Why Margaret’s Smile Is Rare These Days (24 April 1960). Des Moines Register, p. 1.

  Williams, Janice. ‘Meghan Markle will change royal views on race relations, according to Princess Diana’s biographer.’ Newsweek, 20 April 2018. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/meghan-markle-race-relations-royals-894823

  Wilson ‘had Alzheimer’s when PM’ (10 November 2008). BBC News, 2019. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7720200.stm

  ‘Wilson, (James) Harold, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (1916–1995)’ by Roy Jenkins, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 7 January 2016. Retrieved from https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-58000

  Wilsworth, David. ‘Behind the Pomp with the Royal Family: The Queen prepares salad while Anne grills steak.’ The Times, 20 June 1969, p. 8.

  Woods, Audrey. ‘Princess Margaret, “one hip chick,” dies.’ Everett [Washington] Herald, 9 February 2002. Retrieved from https://www.heraldnet.com/news/princess-margaret-one-hip-chick-dies/

  Wrath at the helm? (26 May 1957). The Times, p. 7.

  Young, B. A. ‘Foundation-Stones and Things.’ The National and English Review, Vol. 149, No. 894, August 1957, p. 73.

  Ziegler, Philip. ‘Prime Ministers in the Post-War World: Harold Wilson.’ Gresham College, 21 February 2006. Retrieved from https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lecture/transcript/print/leadership-and-change-prime-ministers-in-the-post-war-world-harold-wilson/

  SCRIPTS

  Aberfan: The Untold Story. BBC, 2006, 00:43. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberfan_Disaster_Tribunal#cite_note-25

  Elizabeth II, Queen. Christmas Broadcast 1961. Royal, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.royal.uk/christmas-broadcast-1961

  ––. Christmas Broadcast 2004. Royal, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.royal.uk/christmas-broadcast-2004

  Epstein, Rafael. Queen’s 80th Birthday Marked by Popularity. The World Today, 19 April 2006, 12:34:00. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2006/s1619027.htm

  Milligan, Spike. Goon Show Script: The Whistling Spy Enigma, Series 5, Episode 1. The Goon Show Site, 28 September 1954. Retrieved from http://www.thegoonshow.net/scripts_show.asp?title=s05e01_the_whistling_spy_enigma

  Millward, Edward. The Real Prince Charles. 2001.

  Morgan, Peter. The Crown, Post Production Scripts, Episodes 201–210. Copyright NETFLIX, 2017.

  ––. The Crown, Post Production Scripts, Episodes 301–310. Copyright NETFLIX, 2019.

  Osborne, John. The Entertainer: A Full-length Play. Woodstock: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1957.

  ––. Look Back in Anger. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.

  LECTURES

  Thorpe, D. R. ‘Leadership and Change: Prime Ministers in the Post-War World – Macmillan.’ Lecture. Gresham College, 30 November 2005. Retrieved from http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/leadership-and-change-prime-ministers-in-the-post-war-world-macmillan

  Winthrop-Young, Jocelin. ‘Kurt Hahn and the Pursuit of Genius.’ Lecture. Round Square Conference, 28 September 2
001, St Philip’s College, Alice Springs, Australia. Retrieved from https://ulange.beepworld.de/files/internatesalemhahnpersnlichkeitsdefizite.pdf

  Claire Foy is made up for her role as the 30-year-old Queen Elizabeth II in Episode 201 of The Crown – ‘Misadventure’. © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  In 1957 Elizabeth II proclaimed her husband ‘Prince of the United Kingdom’ – without ceremony. The Crown imagined how a princely crowning might have been. © Robert Viglasky / Netflix, Inc.

  © Stuart Hendry / Netflix, Inc.

  While Elizabeth II shivered at Sandringham (left) through the winter of 1956-57, her husband Philip, played by Matt Smith (above and lower right), enjoyed the pleasures of the South Pacific with his naval chum Mike Parker (lower left), played by Daniel Ings. © Coco Van Oppens / Netflix, Inc.

  © Coco Van Oppens / Netflix, Inc.

  Antony Armstrong-Jones, played by Matthew Goode (above) in Season 2, first met Princess Margaret (right) played by Vanessa Kirby, at a dinner party in London in 1958. Their romance took off after he photographed the princess later that year. © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  ‘Unintelligent and unremarkable’ was the verdict of Jackie Kennedy, played by Jodi Balfour (above), when she met Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in June 1961. © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  Security fears meant that the long-delayed visit of the Queen and Prince Philip to Ghana in West Africa had its difficult moments in November 1961 … © Coco Van Oppens / Netflix, Inc.

  … until Elizabeth II stepped into the arms of President Nkrumah and the couple danced ‘The Highlife’ together. In an age when racial segregation was often the practice – and actually the law in South Africa and numerous US states – it was a gesture that made headlines around the world, and firmly established Queen Elizabeth II’s leadership of Britain’s multi-racial Commonwealth of nations. © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  The early 1960s saw the arrival of Philip and Elizabeth’s ‘new’ family – the Queen pregnant (above) with Prince Andrew (born 1960), then celebrating the christening of Prince Edward (below) at Windsor in May 1964. © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  © Alex Bailey / Netflix, Inc.

  Olivia Colman takes over as Queen Elizabeth II for Seasons 3 and 4 of The Crown – with corgi actors Lily (left) and Prince (centre). © Sophie Mutevelian / Netflix, Inc.

  Tobias Menzies plays Prince Philip (left) in Season 3 with Jason Watkins (below) as Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Erin Doherty (facing page right) takes on the role of Princess Anne. © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  Helena Bonham Carter and Ben Daniels portray Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon in Los Angeles for a cocktail party in November 1965 – Episode 302, ‘Margaretology’. © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  Emerald Fennell plays Camilla Parker Bowles, pictured (left) on her wedding day in 1973. Camilla’s marriage would not discourage the attentions of Prince Charles (below left) played by Josh O’Connor. © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  Derek Jacobi and Geraldine Chaplin play the Duke and Duchess of Windsor at their French home-in-exile, where Prince Charles visited the Duke before his death. © Colin Hutton / Netflix, Inc.

  © Des Willie / Netflix, Inc.

  May 1968: Elizabeth II contemplates the news that her Uncle ‘Dickie’ Mountbatten has been flirting with conspiracy against her Prime Minister Harold Wilson. © Sophie Mutevelian / Netflix, Inc.

  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  THE CROWN IS A PULSATING TEAM EFFORT, AND THIS BOOK has been a part of that – with its own very lively pulsations. These start at the top with Peter Morgan, our showrunner, captain of the team and inspiration for the entire project. At Left Bank Pictures, I am grateful to Andy Harries for his on-going support – along with the soothing hand-on-the-brow of Suzanne Mackie at moments of special excitement. I have greatly enjoyed the creative sparks ignited by Georgina Brown – and particularly by Annie Sulzberger, whom I must thank for her superb research. Thumbs up to Michael Foster and Jonathan Pegg for keeping the sparks to a minimum.

  At Bonnier Publishing it has been a pleasure to run my words past the wry and sophisticated scrutiny of Richard Collins, under the supportive eye of managing editor Oli Holden-Rea. Thank you to Matt Inman for his transatlantic perspective – and also to Vivien Hamley for the brilliantly researched photographs that have brought such visual life on the page to the years 1956-1977.

  The back-of-the-book source notes set out the outstanding historians and biographers on whose work I have relied – a number of them personal friends – and I have been able to supplement their perspectives with first-hand contributions from the late Joe Haines, Commander Michael Parker, as well as from Francis Wyndham and other ST Colour Mag colleagues of our royal house photographer in the 1960s.

  More recently I am grateful for the personal insights of Robert Armstrong, Lady Anne Glenconner, Andrew Lownie, and Dr. Yvonne Ward – and thank you in America to Katherine Graber and Amber Thomas, Archivist and Proxy Researcher at the Billy Graham Centre Archives, as well as to Dr. Bruce Camp for his help with the biblical references. Susan Link Camp has, as ever, been a tower of strength, particularly following our decision to display source note evidence for the book in full.

  Chapter after chapter benefitted from the keen scrutiny of my friend Ben Dyal and his sharp-eyed colleague Mrs. Norris – and none of the words could have existed in the first place without the input of my warm and wise ‘J.C’, Jane Corrin.

  The love and advice of my daughter Scarlett has been beyond price. And then there is always – and unfailingly – the love, support and inspiration of my darling Jane, the Queen of my life.

  Robert Lacey, October 2019.

  INDEX

  A

  Aberfan disaster (1966), 155–67

  Aberystwyth University, 197

  Adeane, Sir Michael, 127, 138, 139, 231

  Adler, Larry, 23

  Africa, independence in, 93–101

  African Charter of Casablanca, 97

  Albert Victor, Prince, 152

  Aldrin, Edwin ‘Buzz’ Jr, 212–15

  Alexander, King of Greece, 104

  Alexandra of Yugoslavia, 107

  Alfred, Prince, 104

  Alice, Princess of Greece, 103, 106, 114, 175–8, 177, 205–7

  Allen, John, 247

  Altrincham, Edward Grigg, 1st Baron, 56

  Altrincham, John Grigg, 2nd Baron see Grigg, John (formerly Lord Altrincham)

  Amin, Idi, 237

  Andrew, Christopher, 249

  Andrew, Prince, 128

  Andrew, Prince of Greece, 103–8, 106–7, 175, 206

  Angleton, James Jesus, 245, 246, 248, 253

  Angry Young Men, 29, 33

  Anne, Princess, 178, 223, 229–30, 240

  Annignoi, Pietro, 86

  apartheid, 93, 100, 246

  Apostles (Cambridge University), 136

  Armstrong, Louis, 53

  Armstrong, Neil, 212–15

  Armstrong, Robert, 238, 252

  Armstrong-Jones, Anthony see Snowdon, Anthony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of

  Armstrong-Jones, Ronald, 80, 81, 213

  Assisi, Italy, 212

  Astor, William, 3rd Viscount Astor, 118–19

  Atatürk, Kemal, 105

  Attlee, Clement, 41

  B

  Bahamas, 70, 74

  Balmoral Castle, 147, 148, 173–4, 231

  Baltimore Sun (newspaper), 25–6

  Bannister, Roger, 29

  Baron (Stirling Henry Nahum) see Nahum, Stirling Henry ‘Baron’

  Barratt, John, 224

  Battle of Saltley Gate (1972), 236

  BBC, 42, 75, 116, 144, 173, 194, 202

  Beatles, The, 43, 44

  Beaton, Cecil, 16, 144

  Bedell Smith, Sally, 230

  Bellow, Saul, Dangling Man (1
944), 217

  Belton, Robert, 90

  Ben-Dov, Meir, 214–15

  Ben-Gurion, David, 17

  Benn, Tony (formerly Viscount Stansgate, Anthony Wedgwood Benn), 62–3, 196, 247

  Benn, William Wedgwood, 1st Viscount Stansgate), 63

  Bennett, Alan, 115

  Benson, Ross, 110

  Bentley, Derek, 65

  Beresford, Lord Patrick, 221

  Bergman, Ingrid, 86

  Berkeley, Humphry, 57

  Betjeman, John, 23, 243–4, 255–6

  Bevan, Aneurin, 140

  Beyond the Fringe (satirical review), 115

  Bill Haley and the Comets, 28

  Blair, Tony, 166

  Blandford, ‘Sunny’ see Marlborough,

  John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke Bloody Sunday (1972), 234

  Blunt, Sir Anthony, 129, 136, 137–9

  BOSS (South African Bureau for State Security), 246

  Bowes-Lyon, John, 228

  Boyd-Rochfort, Cecil, 188

  Bradford, Sarah, 226

  Brandreth, Gyles, 220, 226

  Brandt, Willy, 248

  Britannia (Royal Yacht), 7–8, 12, 22, 24–5, 171, 178, 240

  British Commonwealth, 95, 97–8, 100, 232

  British Empire, 22, 41, 93–5, 100

  Britt, May, 100

  Britten, Benjamin, 232

  Broadlands, Hampshire, 184, 186, 224, 226

  Brown, George, 140, 141

  Buccleuch, John Scott, 9th Duke of (aka Johnny Dalkeith), 48

  Buchanan-Wollaston, H. A., 105

  Buckingham Palace, 14, 19, 31, 47, 61, 91, 138, 175, 179

  Bundy, McGeorge ‘Mac’, 149

  Burbidge, Philip Kinghorn, 59

  Burgess, Guy, 135–6, 137